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Stjepan KOŽUL, Stradanja u Zagrebačkoj nadbiskupiji za vrijeme
Drugoga svjetskoga rata. Stanje duša, vjerski prelazi, poginule osobe i
počinjene ratne štete na bogoštovnim zgradama, prema okružnici iz 1943.
godine.
Izvorni znanstveni rad. Str. 7.-198.
Sažetak
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U
okviru svoga trajnoga zanimanja za noviju povijest Zagrebačke
crkve osobito za njezina stradanja u
Drugom svjetskom ratu,
pisac predstavlja javnosti izvorna pisana svjedočanstva koja se
čuvaju u pismohrani Nadbiskupskoga duhovnoga stola, nastala na temelju okružnice
istoga Duhovnoga stola, iz 1943. godine. U okružnici
se traži od župnika i župnih upravitelja da opišu sva razaranja
i oštećenja crkvenih zgrada, da sastave brojidbene podatke
rođenih, vjenčanih i umrlih, te vjerskih prelaznika u Katoličku
crkvu, iz prethodnoga
trogodišta (1940.-1942.), te da popišu imena i okolnosti svih
poginulih župljana, kako bi sve to u jednom izvješću poslali
Nadbiskupskom duhovnom stolu. Od tadašnjih 388 župnih ureda,
odgovore je poslalo samo 157 ureda. Međutim, uz ove izravne
odgovore nalazimo i druga izvješća o istom predmetu, koja su
poslali razni župni uredi u različitim godinama tijekom cijeloga
ratnoga razdoblja, sve do 1945. godine. Uzevši u obzir sva
izvješća, pisac nam predstavlja ratna stradanja u 206 župa
tadašnje Zagrebačke nadbiskupije
. U ovim izvješćima osvjetljuje
se sudbina smrtno stradalih svećenika, kojih je sudbina do sada
bila samo djelomično poznata. Važnost ovoga rada očituje se
osobito u činjenici što nam pisac prenosi imenom i prezimenom
smrtno stradale vjernike u pojedinim župama. Kod budućega
sastavljanja popisa svih stradalnika u Drugom svjetskom ratu,
ovaj će rad biti zasigurno jedan od temeljnih radova. Što se
tiče vjerskih prelaza, na temelju pristiglih izvješća iz 157
ureda, u Katoličku crkvu
prešlo je 690 židovskih vjernika
u
52 župe, nadalje, 35.602 grkoistočnih
ili pravoslavnih vjernika
u 101 župi, te 386 osoba drugih vjeroispovijesti, najviše
starokatolika, u 25
župa. Od velikog broja primljenih grkoistočnih
vjernika, samo mali broj je ostao u okrilju Katoličke crkve, jer
već 1943. godine većina od njih nije s njome održavala nikakve
veze. Usprkos nastojanju crkvenih vlasti da se prijelazi dogode
na temelju osobnoga uvjerenja i s predhodnom vjerskom poukom,
primanje u Katoličku crkvu u
onim teškim ratnim vremenima bilo je u velikom broju učinjeno
samo radi spašavanja ugroženih grkoistočnih
vjernika. O razaranjima i uništavanjima crkvenih zgrada, pisac
je pisao u svom predhodnom radu, u 4. broju godišnjaka
“Tkalčić”, na temelju kasnije
okružnice, one iz 1951. godine. Dakle, podaci o uništavanju,
izneseni u ovom radu, predhode onom iz prošlogodišnjega
godišnjaka, te se međusobno nadopunjuju. Uz sva navedena
dostignuća ovoga rada, treba još naglasiti njegovu izvornost, to
jest, utemeljenost na izvornom arhivskom gradivu, koje je
svugdje vjerno i točno navedeno, te stoga i lako provjerljivo.
Summary: Calamities in the Zagreb
archdiocese during world war II. The state of the soul,
transfers in confession, deceased persons and war damages to
sacral buildings based on the circular issued in 1943., pp.
197-198.
Within the context of his
continual interest for the recent history of the Zagreb
Church and particularly its fate during World War II the author
presents the public with original written testimonies that are
kept in the archives of the Archdiocesan Spiritual Court which
emerged as a consequence of a circular issued by the Spiritual
Court in 1943. The circular requests parish priests and parish
administrators to describe the extent of the destruction and
damages to sacral buildings, to compile numerical data of those
born, married and deceased, religious transfers to the Catholic
Church in the preceding three-year period (1940-1942), and a
list of names and circumstances of parishioners that died; and
that this data should be sent in a combined report to the
Archdiocesan Spiritual Court. Of the existing 388 parish
presbyteries, only 157 sent their responses. Nevertheless, these
direct responses were added to other reports from that period
that were sent by various parish presbyteries at various times
during the war period up until 1945. Taking into concern all the
reports available, the writer presents details of war calamities
for 206 of the existing parishes of the Zagreb Archdiocese. The
reports shed light on the fate of priests who were killed and
whose fate was only partially known or suspected until then. The
significance of this research is particularly evident in the
fact that the writer presents a list of names of those
parishioners that were killed in individual parishes. For any
future study into the list of victims of World War II, this
research will certainly serve as one of the founding starting
points. As far as religious transfers are concerned, based on
the information collected from the 157 parishes, 690 Jews
transferred to the Catholic Church in 52 parishes. Furthermore
35.602 Eastern Greek or Orthodox believers in 101 parishes and
386 people of other confessions (mostly ancient Catholicism), in
25 parishes changed their religion. Of the large number of
transfers from the Eastern Greek faith only a small number
remained under the wings of the Catholic Church as in 1943
already the majority of them maintained very little contact.
Despite the efforts of Church authorities that these transfers
be conducted only on the basis of personal belief with the
prerequisite of religious education preceding, often enough
acceptance to the Catholic Church in these difficult war times
was largely conducted to save the lives of those Eastern Greek
faithful who felt threatened. The writer describes the
destruction and damages to sacral buildings in a previous study
published in the Tkalčić annual no. 4 based on a later circular
in 1951. Therefore, data concerned with destruction presented in
that issue precedes those studies contained in last years annual
and they mutually compliment each other. With all the
achievements noted in this study it is necessary to stress its
originality, ie. that it is founded on original archival
material which has been noted truly and correctly and thereby
easily confirmed. Translated by s. Anđelita Šokić.
(Objavljeno u godišnjaku
„Tkalčić“, 5./2001., br. 5) |